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Sold, recycled, donated and discarded computers, PDAs and cell phones can contain recoverable private data even after a delete, format or reset. How to securely erase your data.
Was Jesus just a man who married Mary Magdalene? Has the church been hiding information from us for years about Jesus? Don't decide too quickly. Examine the evidence first.
Think conclusive cases can't be made for the Bible and Jesus as the God/Man Messiah? You'd be surprised. The overwhelming mountain of factual, historical evidence is too compelling, too convincing to be ignored.
''We are living in very interesting times. Too many people are confused about what the Bible says about the future, and a lot of that has to do with confusion about Israel.'' Learn more.
If an angel or a loved one who has died appears or speaks to you, don't automatically assume it's a good angel or your loved one. Here's why.
Don't automatically assume the growing fascination with Harry Potter, witches, wicca and the occult is harmless either. Explore these controversial topics.
Don't automatically assume that New Age / New Spirituality concepts and the alternative / holistic therapies and media influenced by them are harmless. Learn more.
Disclaimer: These instructions are in no way a guide for thorough erasing of all your private data stored on digital media. For that, please consult an expert.
And they're only intended for honest, law-abiding people who want to keep their very sensitive data on their nonjob-related home computers safe and private. If you were to attempt to use these instructions on a job-related home or office computer, you could be breaking the law.
If you intend to do so, I would much rather you go elsewhere, but if you must continue reading this page and applying these instructions, be aware that you do so at your own risk.
WARNING: Using a secure eraser / wiper / shredder makes your data virtually unrecoverable, in other words, very difficult or prohibitively expensive to recover, so be sure to back up your data before using it, and be careful to erase only the files you no longer want or need.
Note: The following instructions are hidden from sighted visitors and keyword searches with Javascript. If you prefer viewing them without having to click on the links to show them, or want to do a keyword search, or print this page, either disable Javascript in your browser, or
view the instructions without Javascript. | skip
Concerned or worried your spouse or child might be viewing pornography or that your child might be making information that can identify him or her available to predators? Here are some articles and software programs that'll allow you to view and monitor their online history.
Addicted to sex or pornography and want to get help to quit so you won't have a reason to visit this page anymore, among other reasons? Check out the following sites.
For Anyone Addicted to or Impacted by Sex or Pornography:skip
KickPorn.com (a free 6 Day Kick Porn E-Course e-book, articles, $10 reports, discussion forum, blog, support and resources for those who believe in God)
SMS text messages and MMS multimedia messages sent from and received by a cell phone are normally stored in your phone's inbox, but check with your phone's manual to make sure. Then follow the instructions for your phone to erase your private data before donating or throwing it away.
To erase all the data on your PDA, do a hard reset.
''The way of performing a Hard Reset differs from device to device: it may require a simultaneous press of several buttons, deactivation or removal of the main battery. Check your user manual for details.'' - PDAGold.com
WARNING: Doing a hard reset will permanently erase all the data on your PDA, so if there's anything you want to save, make sure you back up your data first. skip
A hard reset does not clear the data on a WM5 (Windows Mobile 5.0) device. Some Pocket PCs have a program installed to erase all data. Look under programs. If you don't see one, check your user manual for details. Or use the free HardReset for Pocket PC utility.
''Remote wipe is a new feature that enables administrators to erase sensitive data from a lost or stolen Pocket PC. This feature is enabled via a Web-based interface, which is restricted to Exchange Administrators by default. Other individuals (like help desk professionals) can be added as necessary.''
''After the remote wipe has been completed, the administrator will receive acknowledgement that [the] device has been wiped. Administrators can also set the Pocket PC to erase its memory when the PIN has been incorrectly entered a certain number of times.'' - Article by Dan Hanttula at PocketPCMag.com skip
The PalmOne LifeDrive mobile manager (based on PalmOS) and Sharp Zaurus SL-C3000 and SL-C3100 (based on GNU/Linux) PDAs now store data on a hard drive instead of flash memory. (Zaurus SL series devices are no longer sold by Sharp in the U.S. or Europe - only in Japan, but they're still popular.) skip
Without LifeDrive Update 2.0, ''any form of hard-reset [on a PalmOne LifeDrive] will erase the entire contents of the hard drive [- including PalmOS], without exception. When you issue the command for a hard reset, you're given two options: a fast erase that takes 5 minutes, and a 'secure erase' that takes 30 minutes.''
But with LifeDrive Update 2.0, you have three hard reset options. The new option only erases Program Memory.
''Given that the Lifedrive has government-use security certification, a secure erase presumably entails zeroing out all the data on the drive so that it can't be restored or recovered. Either way, you can't simply reset the device and expect to have your files waiting when it boots.'' - Adama D. Brown's Review of PalmOne LifeDrive at BargainPDA.com
After erasing your LifeDrive with secure erase, you'll have to reinstall PalmOS and restore your files. skip
Shred: If you plan on selling your iPod, but don't want to consider the likelihood of someone listening to your music and viewing your photos, use the Shred tool to permanently delete your iPod's media files and libraries.
This function can be easily replicated by using Apple's Disk Utility to re-format your iPod's hard drive with one of the the ''Secure Erase'' options and the latest iPod Software Updater to restore your iPod's software.
Looking for a CD or DVD eraser? Check your CD or DVD recording software for an erasing feature.
''Will Eraser erase CD-RW's and CD-R's [and DVD-RW's and DVD-R's]? You can use Eraser on a CD-RW [or DVD-RW], however you only need to use one pass, as only magnetic media needs multiple passes. You can't use Eraser on CD-R [or DVD-R], as they write protect themselves after the first write. The only way to secure a CD-R [or DVD-R] is to destroy it and then melt down the pieces. If you see a CD-R [or DVD-R] that has been 'erased / deleted,' more likely th[a]n not, just the file directory on the CD [or DVD] was changed, and the data still remains on the CD [or DVD].'' - Heidi Computers Ltd.
WARNING: Data deleted on USB keys, or pen or thumb drives, and other flash memory devices are easily recoverable.
''USB flash memory is not magnetic (so multiple passes won't help). Multiple overwriting passes are designed for magnetic media, and they would produce nothing but excessive wear on a memory card, since flash memory has a limited write/erase lifetime.'' -
If you have sensitive data on your hard drive and are serious about keeping it private, I strongly recommend reading the following four sections and completing all the steps that apply.
WARNING: Deleting files does NOT permanently remove them. Nor does formatting your hard drive or reinstalling Windows. They're still recoverable with sophisticated forensic data recovery methods. Learn why.
WARNING: Windows and some software programs save a history of pretty much everything you do in them, including copies of files you have viewed. And most web surfing history / tracks removers merely delete private files.
Question: Does formatting the hard drive or reinstalling Windows remove the index.dat files or other private data?
Answer: If by ''remove'' you mean securely, no, it doesn't, because even if you format the hard drive first, those files can still be recovered by data recovery software or experts.
To make that as improbable as possible, erase your private data with 3 to 7 passes on a modern, high-density hard drive*, or 35 passes on an old hard drive.
*Erasing expert Peter Gutmann made it clear in an epilogue to his paper that 35 passes don't make data any less recoverable than several passes on modern, high-density hard drives.
But for next time, since formatting also removes Windows and all your software, I recommend creating an image of your new, clean, configured Windows installation with one of these disk imagers to avoid going through the trouble of reinstalling and reconfiguring Windows and all your software.
To make files as unrecoverable as possible*, you need erasing software (also called a wiper or shredder) that overwrites the files several times with special alternating patterns of random data, using a complex algorithm.
*Unless you physically destroy your hard drive's disks, experts can recover some, if not all, of your erased files if they want to badly enough:
''Data overwritten once or twice may be recovered by subtracting what is expected to be read from a storage location from what is actually read.''
''Data which is overwritten an arbitrarily large number of times can still be recovered provided that the new data isn't written to the same location as the original data (for magnetic media), or that the recovery attempt is carried out fairly soon after the new data was written (for RAM).''
''For this reason it is effectively impossible to sanitise storage locations by simple overwriting them, no matter how many overwrite passes are made or what data patterns are written.''
''However by using the relatively simple methods presented in this paper the task of an attacker can be made significantly more difficult, if not prohibitively expensive.'' - Peter Gutmann
CAUTION: Erasing your data isn't the key to ultimate security.
''When overwriting data, you are simply trying to fix a security leak that already has happened. The best way to deal with this is to prevent the data from getting written to the disk in the first place - use strong encryption.''
''E4M and PGP can get you started, but cannot help you with Windows-related security holes. If you must use Windows, use NT/2000[/XP].'' - Heidi Computers Ltd.
Otherwise, for the best security, always use GNU/Linux or Mac OS X (based on FreeBSD) or better yet, OpenBSD on an ext2 partition.
Because of their journaling nature, the other file systems (ext3, ReiserFS, XFS, JFS, etc.), while providing better file integrity and stability, collect significant amounts of data about your activities. To learn more, read ''Data Security for GNU/Linux Power Users.''
WARNING: If a hardware or software key logger is installed on your computer, storing private data on your hard drive leaves them vulnerable to viewing or theft, even if encrypted, and the following options will be unable to keep them sufficiently secure and private.
I also strongly recommend moving your private documents, browsing history, e-mail and chat conversations to an encrypted removable medium, securely erasing the private data on your hard drive and switching to portable software.
Because of Windows' activity tracking and logging, and the overwhelming onslaught of spyware being targeted at Windows, Internet Explorer and Outlook / Outlook Express, if you have sensitive data you need to keep private, it's a lot safer to choose one of the following options.
And if you choose the safest or next safest option, using alternative browser and e-mail programs, antivirus and antispyware software and security updates isn't necessary. skip
Uninstall Windows and install GNU/Linux or get a Mac (based on FreeBSD) or better yet, OpenBSD (recommended for experienced Unix users only), save your data in encrypted form on an ext2 partition or removable medium from the time you start using your new computer, hard drive or removable medium, and use erasing / wiping / shredding software to securely erase sensitive data.
Security Guides for Mac OS X, GNU/Linux and BSDskip
Disk Utility (has 3 erasing options: Zero Out Data - not secure, 7-Pass Erase - sufficient for modern hard drives and 35-Pass Erase - designed for old hard drives and according to Peter Gutmann no more secure than 7 passes on modern hard drives)
If you want to keep using Windows, it's a lot easier to use IE Privacy Keeper (free) or one of the following free or commercial privacy software to securely erase your desktop and Internet history and other private files than to do it with Heidi Computers Ltd.'s Eraser. skip
Privacy Cleaner (DOD and NSA - erases Internet history - supports Windows, including Vista - can schedule to erase at startup or shutdown and claims to be able to erase index.dat files...how? at shutdown?...but can't erase free space or autocomplete data)
CyberShredder (NSA and 2 other methods - drag and drop only)
Free Internet Eraser (DOD and NSA - free version can erase or schedule to erase at startup or shutdown, but can't erase free disk space, autocomplete data, swap or page file or index.dat files, and doesn't include a file shredder for personal files, or support for plug-ins - commercial version supports over 200 free, pre-configured plug-ins that clean tracks of popular applications)
PGP Wipe (part of PGP Tools in PGP since PGP 6.0 - modified Gutmann doesn't work in Windows 95 or 98)
Simple File Shredder (no standards, but supposedly a secure algorithm with random data)
SuperShredder (Gutmann and NISPOM (DOD) - browse and select location or drag and drop)
Zilla Data Nuker (DOD - browse and select location or drag and drop - can schedule to erase at startup or shutdown)
XP Privacy Pro (DoD, NSA and Guttman - claim of awards appears to be untrue - can remove individual restore points - supports Windows 98, NT, 2000, Me, XP, 2003 and Vista)
Privacy Guardian (DOD - supports Windows 98, NT, 2000, Me, XP, 2003 and Vista)
PurgeIE Pro (DOD - supports Windows 98, NT, 2000, Me, XP, 2003 and Vista)
Privacy Expert Suite (8 methods, including DOD and Gutmann - supports Windows 98, NT, 2000, Me, XP and 2003 - PC Magazine Editor's Choice, May 2005)
Window Washer (DOD - easy to use - supports Windows 98, NT, 2000, Me, and XP - PC Magazine Editor's Choice, May 2005)
Cyberscrub (award-winning eraser - DOD - supports Windows 98, NT, 2000, Me, and XP)
Max PC Privacy (DOD - supports Windows 98, 2000, Me and XP)
Winclear (DOD, Gutmann - supports Windows 98, NT, 2000, Me, XP and 2003)
East-Tec Eraser (DOD, Gutmann - supports Windows 98, NT, 2000, Me, XP and 2003)
Here's what I recommend doing in Windows Vista or XP Professional to set up Heidi Computers Ltd.'s Eraser to securely erase your private data, and how to go about doing that every time after you finish working or playing on your computer:
CAUTION: Reading the following steps carelessly could cause you to disable your system and / or lose data you want to keep. So be sure to read them carefully.
Using Windows Vista with User Account Control (UAC) and Data Execution Prevention (DEP) disabled, and without a CPU (the main computer chip) that supports DEP and virtualization, leaves your operating system vulnerable to corruption and control and your data to theft by malware and web sites set up for such purposes.
If you use Windows 95, 98, Me or XP, your hard drive most likely has malware (viruses, trojan horses or trojans, worms, rootkits, key loggers and spyware) and adware on it - including cookies and PIEs (persistent identification elements) - that are collecting data about your computing habits with (some adware) or without (malware and some adware) your permission.
Windows XP's default settings were configured for ease of use and connectivity, not security, and Service Pack 2 only changes a few of those settings, unfortunately, so even with SP2 installed, Windows XP is still very unsecure and vulnerable to attack.
If you use Windows Me or XP, using your default account, which unfortunately is your administrator account, for everyday use, especially going online, leaves your private data vulnerable to those determined to view them.
If your sensitive data - e-mail, Temporary Internet Files, Most Recently Used lists, etc. - aren't encrypted, they're accessible to prying eyes.
More and more sensitive, private, personal data and money are being stolen or conned / defrauded out of people and businesses for personal or business gain from or through their laptop or notebook computers, cell phones, PDAs and other handheld devices and wireless keyboards and networks.
If you want your computer and data to be sufficiently secure, first either:
use a GNU/Linux Live CD or DVD on a read-only CD-R or DVD-R with your private data on an encrypted removable medium such as a USB drive (most secure option);
reconfigure the default settings of Windows' files, folders, registry, software and services.
Then encrypt your operating system (if you're not using a GNU/Linux Live CD or DVD or a virtual operating system in a secured operating system) and data, remove all malware and adware, switch to a wired or USB wireless keyboard if yours isn't either one, and secure your laptop and / or wireless router / firewall, cell phone, PDA or other handheld device, if it's possible and you have one.
WARNING: Storing private data on your hard drive leaves them vulnerable to viewing or theft, even if encrypted, if a key logger is installed on your PC.
I strongly recommend moving your private documents, browsing history, e-mail and chat conversations to an encrypted removable medium, switching to portable software and checking for hardware and software key loggers before entering your encryption key.
Note: If you use Internet Explorer and want to keep its cache for faster web page viewing, I recommend either moving your Temporary Internet Files folder to a separate encrypted partition on your hard drive (fairly secure) or removable medium (more secure) created and sized only for that folder...
...or better yet, switching to a portable, alternative browser to minimize privacy risks, significantly reduce defragmentation of your system files and help keep Windows from committing errors or slowing down.
If you don't need the cache, disable it. (I recommend doing that even if you're going to switch to a more private and secure browser, to maximize your privacy.)
WARNING: Failing to securely erase your private data after copying or moving them to a removable medium, leaves them accessible to those willing and able to recover them from their original location.
(all Carry it Easy software are commercial and require administrative access)
Carry it Easy (commercial - portable Outlook Express only - U3 edition available for U3 smart drives, which will be replaced by StartKey in last half of 2008)
Carry it Easy +Plus (commercial - creates portable Outlook and Outlook Express e-mail - U3 edition available for U3 smart drives)
To minimize the risks to your privacy, I recommend switching to safer, alternative browser and e-mail programs with your browsing history and e-mail on an encrypted, removable medium or better yet, portable versions stored on an encrypted, removable medium that leave your sensitive data significantly more private and secure than Internet Explorer, Outlook Express and Outlook do, which is especially important when using a laptop / notebook, PDA, smartphone or public computer.
And use one one or more of these or the following software and web-based services for anonymous searches or Web surfing, to prevent profiling and the resulting risk of misuse or theft of your private data.
Then, use one of the two options I recommend for virtually worry-free computing and sufficiently secure, private browsing.
Or at least use antimalware and antiadware to help keep your data private. And download updates for them often.
Note: As I said in section 2, using those software programs and updates isn't necessary if you choose one of the options I recommend.
RoboForm2Go (formerly Pass2Go) (stores personal form and login data on an encrypted USB key or dongle, a secure thumb drive - defeats phishing sites and key loggers)
Portable Privacy Machine (based on QEMU emulator - includes Firefox, PrivacyBar, NoScript Extension, Thunderbird, Enigmail GPG and a persistent home directory)
The latest version of Firefox or better yet Portable Firefox running in Sandboxie with its cache on an encrypted removable medium and with NoScript, CookieSafe, Adblock Plus, Adblock Updater and either Stealther or PrivacyBar extensions for private browsing, or xB Browser (formerly Torpark), FoxTor or OperaTor for anonymous browsing. skip
Safe And Secure Surfing With Firefox
(how to change the default settings for cookies and Javascript, change the default Clear Private Data rules, clear private data - not secure - and install the Adblock Plus, Adblock Filterset.G Updater, NoScript, FlashBlock, CookieSafe, RefControl and User Agent Switcher extensions)
Sandboxie (version 2.64 does not support Windows Vista - only the newer beta versions support Vista)
OperaTor (a free combination of Opera web browser, Tor anonymity network and Privoxy content filter)
xB Browser (formerly Torpark) (a free, fully configured combination of Portable Firefox and Tor anonymizer for Windows - GNU/Linux and Mac OS versions being developed)
Software for U3 Smart Drives (the discontinued U3 platform replaced by Microsoft's StartKey lets you run applications on any PC without leaving data on the host machine) skip
Note: U3-based products will be available until the second half of 2008, when SanDisk will roll out the new smart drives. For an alternative, try MojoPac.
System Restore and now also Shadow Copy, or Previous Versions, in Windows Vista occasionally take snapshots of your system at different times and save not only them, but also copies of your private files, as Restore Points in hidden folders which are located on each partition and hard drive.
C:\System Volume Information\ in Windows Vista and XP
C:\_Restore\ in Windows Me
WARNING: Leaving System Restore enabled saves viruses and other malware your antivirus software has gotten rid of, which will reinfect your system when taken back to an infected Restore Point.
It also saves system files corrupted by some other cause, which when restored, may mess up or disable your system.
And it leaves your private data accessible to prying eyes by allowing others to easily restore and view them, including all the files you've deleted and even the ones you've securely erased.
You could just erase the Restore Points without disabling System Restore, but that would leave your private data vulnerable if Windows were to create any more Restore Points between erasing sessions.
I strongly recommend saving an image of your clean-installed Windows partition instead, with one of these disk imagers. skip